A federal spending surge of more than $20 billion for roads and bridges in President Barack Obama's first stimulus has had no effect on local unemployment rates, raising questions about his argument for billions more to address an "urgent need to accelerate job growth."
An Associated Press analysis of stimulus spending found that it didn't matter if a lot of money was spent on highways or none at all: Local unemployment rates rose and fell regardless. And the stimulus spending only barely helped the beleaguered construction industry, the analysis showed.
Keynesians, not surprisingly, have an answer: The government did not spend enough. They reason that economic growth can occur only if "aggregate demand" is great enough to prevent an overall "glut" of unsold goods. (Like the mercantilists before them, Keynesians believe that recessions occur because businesses cannot sell all the goods they produce. Socialists similarly claim that workers are "unable to buy back the products" they make.)
Therefore if government is to prevent the recession-causing "glut," it must spend whatever is necessary to cover any "shortfall" in private consumption and investment spending. Out of this "theory" we get the present "stimulus," complete with the blessing of Ivy League economists (who seem to perform the role of the High Priests in today's political economy).
Such a "theory," however, is doomed to fail every time, and I wish to give some reasons why.
- Individuals are purposeful creatures, so their spending also will reflect their own purposeful behavior. (It is interesting that many people who endorse the "aggregate demand" terminology also decry what they see as "mindless consumption of the masses.")
- The economy is not a blob into which one stirs in money the way one stirs in an ingredient into a cake. In other words, the economy does not have a "just add money" in a recipe. It is driven by people making purposeful decisions.
- An economy has a structure of production that when working well directs resources, labor, and capital toward those areas of production that reflect the desires and needs of consumers.
- When governments expand money through the central bank, the rush of new money distorts the production structure and changes the relative value of assets and factors of production. In the early stages of this government-inspired boom, the malinvested assets (the ones that become more valuable as a result of the artificial boom itself) expand relative to other assets.
- The credit-fed boom ultimately cannot be sustained, and it becomes painfully clear that malinvested assets (see the housing-real estate bubble) quickly lose their value relative to other assets. This is the beginning of the recession, which is a period in which the economy begins to reassert the "consumer-preferred" value of economic assets.
Attempts to "stimulate" the economy through massive government spending may put money into the pockets of politically connected people, but it does nothing to restore the economic factors to their proper balances. Instead, the "stimulus" only serves to further distort the economic fundamentals and prolong the downturn.
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